Chokkan Style: The Art of Vertical Bonsai
Definition and Origins
The Chokkan style, also known as the "formal upright style," is one of the most traditional and respected forms in the art of bonsai. Originating from Japan, this style is an aesthetic representation of elegance and strength, evoking the image of a mature tree growing in an open environment without obstacles.
Distinctive Characteristics
- Straight and Strong Trunk: The most striking characteristic of the Chokkan style is its perfectly straight trunk, rising vertically from the base to the crown. This trunk serves as a solid and majestic backbone for the tree.
- Progressive Trunk Tapering: The trunk's diameter gradually decreases from the base to the top, creating a natural perspective and an illusion of height.
- Well-Developed Roots: The roots (Nebari) are well spread around the base, providing a solid anchorage and visual balance to the trunk.
- Symmetrical Branching: The branches are arranged symmetrically and balanced around the trunk, often in layers or tiers. The lowest branch (sashi-eda) is typically the longest, with increasingly shorter branches as one ascends.
- Conical Crown: The crown is conical and well-defined, tapering towards the top to complete the image of a mature tree.
Species Selection
The Chokkan style is particularly well-suited to tree species that naturally have a straight trunk and good branching capability. Typical examples include the Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii), various types of junipers, and the Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum).
Maintenance and Cultivation Techniques
- Pruning and Pinching: To maintain the conical shape and branch structure, regular pruning is essential. Pinching new shoots helps to encourage dense and controlled branching.
- Wiring: Although less frequent than in other styles, wiring can be used to adjust the angle and direction of branches.
- Repotting: Periodic repotting is crucial to maintain the health of the roots and the balance of the tree.
- Fertilization: Adequate fertilization is necessary to support the vigorous growth demanded by this style.
Conclusion
The Chokkan style, with its noble appearance and upright stature, is a classic symbol in the art of bonsai. Representing resilience, stability, and natural beauty, a Chokkan bonsai is much more than just a potted tree; it is a living work of art, reflecting the harmony and serenity of nature itself.
