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3 - Functioning of Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae play a fundamental role in the ecosystem of a bonsai. Their functioning is based on a complex and mutually beneficial interaction between the tree's roots and soil fungi. This section explores the dynamics of this symbiotic relationship.
Process of Symbiosis between Roots and Fungi
- Formation of Mycorrhizae: The symbiosis begins when the hyphae (filaments) of the fungus come into contact with the tree's roots. These hyphae either wrap around the roots or penetrate inside the root cells, depending on the type of mycorrhizae.
- Mutually Beneficial Exchange: In this relationship, the tree provides the fungus with carbohydrates (sugars) produced through photosynthesis. In return, the fungus improves the tree's access to nutrients and water from the soil.
Exchange of Nutrients and Chemical Signals
- Nutrients and Water: Mycorrhizal fungi act as extensions of the roots, exploring a larger portion of the soil and absorbing nutrients that would otherwise be inaccessible to the tree, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients.
- Chemical Communication: Chemical signals are exchanged between the tree and the fungus, allowing for fine coordination of nutrient needs and supply. This communication is essential for the regulation of the symbiosis.
Impact on Bonsai Growth
- Growth and Development: The presence of mycorrhizae directly influences the growth of the tree. Bonsais with mycorrhizae tend to have better growth, denser branching, and improved overall health.
- Adaptation to Soil Conditions: Mycorrhizae help bonsais adapt to various soil conditions, which is crucial in a pot environment where the substrate can vary significantly.
In conclusion, the functioning of mycorrhizae in the context of bonsais is a fascinating aspect of plant biology. This symbiosis offers significant benefits for the growth and health of the tree, making mycorrhizae an essential element to consider in the successful cultivation of bonsais.
