1 - Types of Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae, being a key element in the health and growth of bonsai, come in several forms, each with its own specificities and role in the root ecosystem. Two main types are particularly relevant in the cultivation of bonsai: arbuscular mycorrhizae (endomycorrhizae) and ectomycorrhizae.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (Endomycorrhizae)
Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most common in nature and, consequently, are often encountered in bonsai cultivation. These mycorrhizae are characterized by the penetration of fungal hyphae inside the root cells of the tree.
- Formation and Functioning: The fungi form arbuscules, shrub-like structures, inside the root cells, thereby facilitating an efficient exchange of nutrients between the tree and the fungus.
- Benefits for Bonsai: They help the tree to better absorb nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, essential elements in a substrate often limited in volume.
Ectomycorrhizae
Ectomycorrhizae, although less common than arbuscular mycorrhizae, play a crucial role for certain types of bonsai, particularly those from the conifer family.
- Formation and Functioning: These mycorrhizae form on the outside of the roots, where the fungi envelop the root in a mantle of mycelium. The hyphae then extend into the soil, significantly increasing the tree's absorption surface.
- Benefits for Bonsai: They improve the absorption of water and minerals, especially in poor soils or the limited substrates of bonsai pots, and help protect the roots against certain pathogens.
Other Types Relevant to Bonsai
While arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most common, there are other forms of mycorrhizal symbiosis that can be beneficial for bonsais. For example, certain bonsai species may benefit from the presence of orchid or ericoid mycorrhizae, which are adapted to specific soil conditions.
In conclusion, understanding the types of mycorrhizae and their role in the ecosystem of bonsais is essential for optimizing the health and growth of these trees. Whether it's through improving nutrient absorption or protecting against diseases, mycorrhizae play a vital role in bonsai cultivation.
